John Locke
English philosopher and physician.
Born 29 August 1632 Wrington, Somerset, England / Died 28 October 1704 (aged 72) High Laver, Essex, England
Main interests: Metaphysics, epistemology, political philosophy, philosophy of mind, philosophy of education, economics
Notable ideas: Consciousness, Consent of the governed, Inverted spectrum, Labor theory of property, Law of opinion, Locke's place-time-kind principle, Molyneux's problem, Argument from ignorance, Natural rights (rights of life, liberty and property), Primary/secondary quality distinction, Semeiotike (the doctrine of signs), Social contract, Sortal, State of nature, Tabula rasa
Euclid
Greek mathematician, often called the “Father of Geometry”
Born c. 325 BCE / Died c. 265 BCE
Years active: fl.300 BC
Known for: The Elements, Optics, Data, Euclidean geometry, Euclidean algorithm, Euclid's theorem, Euclidean relation, Euclid's formula
Fields: Mathematics (Geometry)
Plato
Ancient Greek philosopher.
Born 428/427 or 424/423 BC Athens / Died 348/347 BC (aged 75-80) Athens
Main interests: Epistemology, Metaphysics, Political philosophy, Ethics
Notable works: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Meno, Protagoras, Gorgias, Symposium, Phaedrus, Parmenides, Theaetetus, Republic, Timaeus, Laws
Notable ideas: Allegory of the cave, Cardinal virtues, Form of the Good, Theory of forms, Divisions of the soul, Platonic love, Platonic solids
Pythagoras
Greek philosopher and mathematician best known for the Pythagorean theorem.
Born c.570 BC Samos / Died c.495 BC (aged around 75) either Croton or Metapontum
Founder of a philosophical and religious movement that combined mathematics, mysticism, and ethics.
Notable ideas: Communalism, Metempsychosis, Musica universalis
Attributed ideas: Five climatic zones, Five regular solids, Proportions, Pythagorean theorem, Pythagorean tuning, Sphericity of the Earth, Vegetarianism