Otto von Bismarck
German statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany.
Born: Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen 1 April 1815 Schönhausen, Altmark, Prussia / Died: 30 July 1898 (aged 83) Friedrichsruh, Germany
In office: 21 March 1871 – 18 March 1890
Allegiance: Kingdom of Prussia; German Empire (after 1871)
Notable Conflicts: Second Schleswig War (1864); Austro-Prussian War (1866); Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871)
Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
Prominent Māori chief of the Waikato iwi and became the first Māori King (Kīngi) in 1858.
"Born c.1770–1800 / Died 25 June 1860 Ngāruawāhia, Auckland Province, New Zealand"
Reign: June 1858 – 25 June 1860
Allegiance: Waikato-Tainui iwi (tribe); Kīngitanga (Māori King Movement)
Founder of the Kīngitanga movement that sought to unify Māori tribes and protect their lands and authority.
Louis XIV
Known as the “Sun King,” was King of France.
Born: 5 September 1638 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France / Died: 1 September 1715 (aged 76) Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France
Reign: 14 May 1643 – 1 September 1715
Allegiance: Kingdom of France; House of Bourbon
One of the longest-reigning monarchs in European history, symbolizing the height of absolute monarchy.
Mansa Musa
Ninth Mansa of the Mali Empire.
Born c.1280 Mali Empire / Died c.1337 (aged c.57) Mali Empire
Reign: c.1312 – c.1337 (approx. 25 years)
Allegiance: Musa's reign is often regarded as the zenith of Mali's power and prestige.
Renowned for his immense wealth.
Aemilia Tertia
Wife of Scipio Africanus.
Born: c. 230 BCE / Died: c. 163 BCE
Roman noblewoman of the 3rd–2nd century BCE.
Allegiance: Roman Republic; Patrician gens Aemilia; Family of Scipio Africanus
Lived during the Second Punic War (218–201 BCE); Connected to the military and political elite of Rome
Ashoka the Great
Emperor of Magadha
Born c.304 BCE / Died 232 BCE (aged 72)
Reign: c.268 – 232 BCE
Allegiance: Maurya Empire; Dynastic and administrative loyalty to the Mauryan state
Notable Conflicts: Kalinga War (c. 261 BCE); Mauryan expansion campaigns.
Mereruka
One of Egypt's most powerful officials.
Born c. 2400 BC / Died c. 2345–2330 BC
Era: c. 2345 – 2181 BCE (6th Dynasty, Old Kingdom)
Allegiance: Pharaoh Teti of Egypt; The central administration of the Old Kingdom
Oversaw state affairs, legal matters, and religious ceremonies.